|
Car Dealerships See
RP-33-99 for full details.
| Area |
Maximum Illuminance on Pavement - lux
(fc) |
Max-to-Min Ratio |
| Main Business Districts |
| Adjacent to Roadway |
100-200 (10-20) |
5:1 |
| Other Rows |
50-100 (5-10) |
10:1 |
| Entrances |
50-100 (5-10) |
5:1 |
| Driveways |
20-30 (2-3) |
10:1 |
| Secondary Business
Districts and Small Towns |
| Adjacent to Roadway |
50-100 (5-10) |
5:1 |
| Other Rows |
25-50 (2.5-5) |
10:1 |
| Entrances |
25-50 (2.5-5) |
5:1 |
| Driveways |
10-20 (1-2) |
10:1 |
| |
|
|
Floodlighting
Buildings and
Monuments
See
RP-33-99 for full details.
| Description of Site |
Average Vertical Illuminance -
lux (fc) |
| Surface |
Surroundings |
|
| Light |
Bright |
50 (5) |
| Medium |
Bright |
70 (7) |
| Dark |
Bright |
100 (10) |
| Light |
Dark |
20 (2) |
| Medium-to-Light |
Dark |
30 (3) |
| Medium-to-Dark |
Dark |
40 (4) |
| Dark |
Dark |
50 (5) |
Intersections
Recommended Average Maintained Illuminance at the pavement - lux
(fc) (See
RP-8-00 for details)
| |
Average Maintained
Illuminance by Pedestrian Conflict Area - lux (fc) |
Uniformity |
| Intersection Type |
High |
Medium |
Low |
Eavg/Emin |
| Major / Major |
34.0 (3.4) |
26.0 (2.6) |
18.0 (1.8) |
3.0 |
| Major / Collector |
29.0 (2.9) |
22.0 (2.2) |
15.0 (1.5) |
3.0 |
| Major / Local |
26.0 (2.6) |
20.0 (2.0) |
13.0 (1.3) |
3.0 |
| Collector / Collector |
24.0 (2.4) |
18.0 (1.8) |
12.0 (1.2) |
4.0 |
| Collector / Local |
21.0 (2.1) |
16.0 (1.6) |
10.0 (1.0) |
4.0 |
| Local / Local |
18.0 (1.8) |
14.0 (1.4) |
8.0 (0.8) |
6.0 |
| |
|
|
|
|
Light Trespass
The following recommended levels of illuminance are suggested
from the report Light Trespass Research (Light Trespass Research,
EPRI, Palo Alto, CA and Lighting Research Institute: 2000.
TR-114914). The specific illuminance
levels are measured at the observers eye in a plane perpendicular to
the line of sight. See
RP-33-99 for full details.
| Zone |
Zone Description |
Pre-Curfew
|
Post-Curfew |
| E1 |
Intrinsically Dark - national parks, residential
areas where inhabitants have expressed a strong desire that
light trespass be strictly limited |
1 lux (0.1 fc) |
|
| E2 |
Low Ambient Brightness - outer urban and rural
residential areas |
3 lux (0.3 fc) |
1 lux (0.1 fc) |
| E3 |
Medium Ambient Brightness - urban residential
areas |
8 lux (0.8 fc) |
2 lux (0.2 fc) |
| E4 |
High Ambient Brightness - urban areas with high
levels of night time activity |
15 lux (1.5 fc) |
6 lux (0.6 fc) |
| |
These recommended levels assume the affected luminaires
are continuously on during the subject night time period. |
|
|
Outdoor Merchandising
Recommended Illuminances for Outdoor Merchandising: (See
IESNA RP-2-01 for full details)
| Application |
Area |
Maintained Illuminance - lux
(fc) when Illuminance of Surrounding Area is: |
| HIGH |
MEDIUM |
LOW |
| Seasonal Outdoor Merchandise |
Circulation |
100 (10) |
70 (7) |
50 (5) |
| Merchandise |
300 (30) |
200 (20) |
100 (10) |
| Feature Displays |
600 (60) |
400 (40) |
200 (20) |
| Auto Dealerships |
Circulation |
100 (10) |
70 (7) |
50 (5) |
| Merchandise |
500 (50) |
300 (30) |
200 (20) |
| Feature Displays |
750 (75) |
500 (50) |
350 (35) |
| Service Stations |
Approach |
150 (15) |
100 (10) |
50 (5) |
| Gas Islands |
500 (50) |
300 (30) |
200 (2) |
| |
|
|
|
|
Parking Facilities
Parking Lots: (See
RP-20-98 for details)
| |
Basic1 |
Enhanced Security2 |
| Minimum Maintained Horizontal Illuminance3 |
2 lux |
0.2 fc |
5 lux |
0.5 fc |
| Maximum Maximum-to-Minimum Ratio |
20:1 |
15:1 |
| Minimum Maintained Vertical Illuminance5 |
1 lux |
0.1 fc |
2.5 lux4 |
0.25 fc |
| 1 = typical conditions |
| 2 = where personal security
or vandalism is a likely or severe problem. |
| 3 = Measured on the parking
surface without any shadowing effect at the points of
measurement. |
| 4 = Facial recognition can be
made at 2.5 lux. 5.0 lux is recommended for facial
identification. |
| 5 = Measured 1.5m above
parking surface at point of lowest horizontal illuminance
(not including points on the boundaries facing outward.) |
| |
Parking Garages: (See
RP-20-98 for details)
| Area |
|
Minimum Horizontal Illuminance2
- lux (fc) |
Maximum Max-to-Min Ratio |
Minimum Vertical Illuminance3
- lux (fc) |
| Basic1 |
|
10 (1.0) |
10:1 |
5 (0.5) |
| Ramps4 |
Day5 |
20 (2.0) |
10:1 |
10 (1.0) |
| Night |
10 (1.0) |
10:1 |
5 (0.5) |
| Entrance Areas |
Day5 |
500 (50) |
|
250 (25) |
| Night |
10 (1.0) |
10:1 |
5 (0.5) |
| Stairways |
|
20 (2.0) |
|
10 (1.0) |
| 1 = For typical
conditions |
| 2 = Measured on
the parking surface without any shadowing effects. |
| 3 = Measured
1.5m above parking surface at point of lowest horizontal
illuminance (not including points on the boundaries facing
outward.) |
| 4 = Applies to
clearway ramps (no adjacent parking) but not to sloping
floor designs |
| 5 = Daylight may
be considered in the design calculation |
| |
Pedestrian Ways, Lighting for
Recommended Maintained Illuminance Levels: See
RP-33-99 for full details.
| Application |
Minimum Average Horizontal Illuminance
at Pavement Level - lux (fc) |
Average Vertical Illuminance 1.8 m
(6') Above Walkway - lux (fc) |
| Roadside Walkways and Type
A Bikeways |
| Commercial Areas |
10 (1) |
20 (2) |
| Intermediate Areas |
5 (0.5) |
10 (1) |
| Residential Areas |
2 (0.2) |
5 (0.5) |
| Walkways Away from
Roadside and Type B Bikeways |
| Walkways & Bikeways |
5 (0.5) |
5 (0.5) |
| Pedestrian Stairways |
5 (0.5) |
10 (1) |
| Pedestrian Tunnels |
20 (2) |
55 (5) |
| |
|
|
|
Roadways
Illuminance Method - Recommended Minimum Maintained Average (See
RP-8-00 for details) Lux (fc)
| Application |
Pavement Classification |
Uniformity Illuminance |
Veiling Luminance Ratio |
| Roadway Type |
Pedestrian Conflict Area |
R1 |
R2/R3 |
R4 |
Eavg/Emin |
Lvmax/Lavg |
| Freeway Class A |
|
6 (0.6) |
9 (0.9) |
8 (0.8) |
3.0 |
0.3 |
| Freeway Class B |
|
4 (0.4) |
6 (0.6) |
5 (0.5) |
3.0 |
0.3 |
|
Expressway |
High |
10 (1) |
14 (1.4) |
13 (1.3) |
3.0 |
0.3 |
| Medium |
8 (0.8) |
12 (1.2) |
10 (1) |
3.0 |
0.3 |
| Low |
6 (0.6) |
9 (0.9) |
8 (0.8) |
3.0 |
0.3 |
|
Major |
High |
12 (1.2) |
17 (1.7) |
15 (1.5) |
3.0 |
0.3 |
| Medium |
9 (0.9) |
13.0 (1.3) |
11.0 (1.1) |
3.0 |
0.3 |
| Low |
6.0 (0.6) |
9.0 (0.9) |
8.0 (0.8) |
3.0 |
0.3 |
|
Collector |
High |
8.0 (0.8) |
12.0 (1.2) |
10.0 (1.0) |
4.0 |
0.4 |
| Medium |
6.0 (0.6) |
9.0 (0.9) |
8.0 (0.8) |
4.0 |
0.4 |
| Low |
4.0 (0.4) |
6.0 (0.6) |
5.0 (0.5) |
4.0 |
0.4 |
|
Local |
High |
6.0 (0.6) |
9.0 (0.9) |
8.0 (0.8) |
6.0 |
0.4 |
| Medium |
5.0 (0.5) |
7.0 (0.7) |
6.0 (0.6) |
6.0 |
0.4 |
| Low |
3.0 (0.3) |
4.0 (0.4) |
4.0 (0.4) |
6.0 |
0.4 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Luminance Method: (See
RP-8-00 for details)
| Application |
Average Luminance |
Maximum Avg-to-Min Allowed |
Maximum Max-to-Min Allowed |
Veiling Luminance Ratio |
| Roadway Type |
Pedestrian Conflict Area |
Lavg (cd/m2) |
Lavg/Lmin |
Lmax/Lmin |
Lvmax/Lavg |
| Freeway Class A |
|
0.6 |
3.5 |
6.0 |
0.3 |
| Freeway Class B |
|
0.4 |
3.5 |
6.0 |
0.3 |
| Expressway |
High |
1.0 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
0.3 |
| Medium |
0.8 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
0.3 |
| Low |
0.6 |
3.5 |
6.0 |
0.3 |
| Major |
High |
1.2 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
0.3 |
| Medium |
0.9 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
0.3 |
| Low |
0.6 |
3.5 |
6.0 |
0.3 |
| Collector |
High |
0.8 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
0.4 |
| Medium |
0.6 |
3.5 |
6.0 |
0.4 |
| Low |
0.4 |
4.0 |
8.0 |
0.4 |
| Local |
High |
0.6 |
6.0 |
10.0 |
0.4 |
| Medium |
0.5 |
6.0 |
10.0 |
0.4 |
| Low |
0.3 |
6.0 |
10.0 |
0.4 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Small Target Visibility -
Recommended Values (Table based on a 60 year old driver with normal vision,
an 18 cm x 18 cm target with 50% reflectance and 0.2 second fixation time.)
(See
RP-8-00 for details)
| Application |
STV Criteria |
Luminance Criteria |
| Roadway Type |
Pedestrian Conflict Area |
Weighting Average VL |
Lavg cd/m2
Median < 7.3m |
Lavg*
cd/m2 Median ≥ 7.3m |
Maximum Max-to-Min Allowed |
| Freeway Class A |
|
3.2 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
6.0 |
| Freeway Class B |
|
2.6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
6.0 |
| Expressway |
|
3.8 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
6.0 |
|
Major |
High |
4.9 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
6.0 |
| Medium |
4.0 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
6.0 |
| Low |
3.2 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
6.0 |
|
Collector |
High |
3.8 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
6.0 |
| Medium |
3.2 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
6.0 |
| Low |
2.7 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
6.0 |
|
Local |
High |
2.7 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
10.0 |
| Medium |
2.2 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
10.0 |
| Low |
1.6 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
10.0 |
| |
|
|
|
*This column also
applies to freeways and expressways where the alignment at the two
roadways is independent of each other or where there is a median
barrier sufficient to block the direct view of oncoming headlights
or a one way street. |
|
Security Locations/Tasks
Recommended Illuminances in lux (divide by 10 for fc). See
G-1-03 for
full details.
| Application |
Task |
Average Horizontal Illuminance |
Vertical Illuminance |
Avg-to-Min Ratio |
Footnotes |
| ATMs & Night Depositories (Exterior) |
Face of ATM |
|
150 |
3:1 |
d,e,f |
| Within 10' of ATM |
100 |
a |
|
| Between 10' and 50' from ATM |
20 |
a |
3:1 |
| Supported Parking |
20 |
a |
3:1 |
| Side of Building out to 40' when ATM is within
10' of corner |
20 |
|
3:1 |
| Building Facades |
|
5-20 |
8:1 |
|
| Building Interiors (Unoccupied patrol areas) |
10 |
|
6:1 |
|
| Convenience Stores and Gas Stations |
Pump Island |
60 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Sidewalks, refuse areas and grounds |
30 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Interior of store |
300 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Facial Identification |
|
5-8 |
4:1 |
|
| Fast Food Restaurants |
General Parking |
30 |
a |
3:1 |
|
| Drive-up window out to 30' |
60 |
a |
3:1 |
|
| Refuse area |
30 |
a |
3:1 |
|
| Guarded Facilities |
Entrances and Gatehouse inspection |
100 |
a |
3:1 |
b |
| Guardhouse Interior |
|
|
|
c |
| Hotels and Motels |
General parking |
30 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Sidewalks and grounds |
10 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Law Enforcement, Fire, Ambulance and
other Emergency Service Facilities |
Within 60' of all vehicle and pedestrian movement
areas |
80 |
a |
3:1 |
|
| General parking and walkways |
30 |
a |
3:1 |
|
| Parking Facilities, Garages and
Covered Parking Spaces |
On Pavement |
60 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Gathering Points (stairs, elevators, ramps) |
50 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Parking Garages For the Elderly |
Entrance |
500 |
a |
|
i |
| Exterior walkways around senior facilities |
50 |
a |
|
l |
| Parking Lots, Areas for Public Parks |
Open parking spaces |
30 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Park trails and walkways |
6 |
a |
4:1 |
j |
| Likely loitering areas |
10 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Residence, Single Family |
Exterior Doorways |
|
8 |
|
|
| Residence, Multi-family |
Common areas |
30 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Common mailbox areas |
100 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Schools and Institutions |
General parking |
30 |
a |
4:1 |
l |
| Sidewalks and footpaths |
10 |
a |
4:1 |
l |
| Supermarket, Major Retail Parking |
Parking lot |
30 |
a |
4:1 |
|
| Low activity - close-in parking |
50 |
a |
4:1 |
k |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Notes for previous table.
| Identifier |
Note |
| a |
Vertical illuminance of 5 to 8 lux or values that produce a
uniformity ratio of no more than 4:1 (25% of horizontal
illuminance). |
| b |
Horizontal illuminance should be as shown or twice that of
immediate surrounding area, whichever is greater |
| c |
Interior illuminance should be minimum recommended for specific
task performance |
| d |
Redundant lamps so loss of any one lamp will not reduce lighting
levels below minimum |
| e |
Good to excellent facial recognition required at a distance of
30'. |
| f |
Unobstructed view out to 50' in all directions from face of
machine |
| i |
See IESNA RP-28, "Lighting and the Visual Environment for
Senior Living" |
| j |
Lighting should extend out on both sides of trail to a distance
of 30' |
| k |
Size of parking area determined by estimated customer count |
| l |
For special events, parking lots and grounds should be lit from
2 hours prior to the event through 2 hours after the event. |
Service Station Lighting
Recommended Average Illuminances for Service Stations: See
RP-33-99 for full details.
| Description of Area |
Average Illuminance - lux (fc) |
| |
With Dark Surroundings |
With Light Surroundings |
| Approach |
15 (1.5) |
20 (2) |
| Driveway |
15 (1.5) |
20 (2) |
| Pump Island Area |
50 (5) |
100 (10) |
| Building Facades |
20 (2) |
30 (3) |
| Service Areas |
20 (2) |
30 (3) |
| Landscaping |
10 (1) |
20 (2) |
| |
|
|
Walkways/Bikeways
Maintained Illuminance Values (See
RP-8-00 for details)
| Pedestrian Conflict Area |
Walkway/Bikeway Type |
Eh - lux (fc) |
Evmin - lux (fc) |
Eavg/Emin |
| High |
Mixed Vehicle and Pedestrian |
20.0 (2.0) |
10.0 (1.0) |
4.0 |
| Pedestrian Only |
10.0 (1.0) |
5.0 (0.5) |
4.0 |
| Medium |
Pedestrian Areas |
5.0 (0.5) |
2.0 (0.2) |
4.0 |
| Low |
Rural/Semi-Rural Areas |
2.0 (0.2) |
0.6 (0.06) |
10.0 |
| Low Density Residential |
3.0 (0.3) |
0.8 (0.08) |
6.0 |
| Medium Density Residential |
4.0 (0.4) |
1.0 (0.1) |
4.0 |
| Underpasses |
Day |
100.0 (10.0) |
50.0 (5.0) |
3.0 |
| Night |
40.0 (4.0) |
20.0 (2.0) |
3.0 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
